Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Fly Ash-Based Mineral Polymers

The synthesis of mineral polymer materials from fly ash offers a sustainable utilization strategy. This study employed a sol−gel method to prepare silica-alumina precursors, investigating the effects of synthesis parameters such as silicon and aluminum sources, temperature, Si/Al ratio, and ethanol dosage. Structural and physicochemical properties were analyzed using XRD, SEM, TG, and IR spectroscopy. Optimal conditions were identified at a Si/Al ratio of 10 : 1, a synthesis temperature of 60°C, and calcination at 750°C for 3 h, achieving a maximum synthesis efficiency of 81.33%. XRD confirmed an amorphous phase with a grid-like structure, while IR analysis revealed Si–O–Si bonding and characteristic absorption peaks at 806 and 1395 cm–1, indicating incomplete reactions. SEM imaging showed uniform, fine particles. These findings enhance the understanding of silica-alumina precursor synthesis, providing insights for their application in advanced materials.