Integrating Local Communities into Sustainable Tourism Development: Strategic Policy Perspectives along the China-Laos High-Speed Railway

Sustainable tourism is indispensable for regional growth and cultural preservation; in particular, under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The China-Laos High-Speed Railway (HSR), a major BRI venture, enhances connectivity and maintains great possibility for tourism in Southeast Asia. Yet, current strategies often dismiss local communities, leading to unequal development and unsustainable practices. This research scrutinises the role of local communities in shaping sustainable tourism along the HSR corridor, emphasising the needs for inclusive governance to ensure balanced economic, social, and environmental outcomes. Through qualitative research method, including interviews, policy analysis, and case studies from Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Oudomxay, the research identifies key challenges; local integration, opportunities for participation, and policy gaps. Barriers such as top-down governance, insufficient capacity-building, and unequal benefit-sharing hinder community involvement. Through participatory planning, communities can lead cultural preservation, environmental care, and improved services. Current policies lack effective consultation and fail to support community-led initiatives. The research recommends a framework of inclusive governance, capacity-building, and equitable benefit-sharing. Policymakers should prioritise participatory planning, invest in education and skills, and ensure fair economic returns for communities, whilst reassuring cultural and environmental heritage. By addressing governance challenges, the study offers actionable recommendations to foster more inclusive and sustainable tourism along the HSR corridor, bolstering its socio-economic benefits.