Seasonal Variations and Land-Use Impacts on Soil Fertility in Riparian Zone of the Dhansiri River, North East, India

Riparian zones are critical for ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, erosion control, and flood regulation.However, these zones are increasingly impacted by human activities.This study investigates seasonal variations in soil physicochemical properties across three land-use types in the Dhansiri River Basin, Northeast India.Key soil parameters, including pH, soil temperature, soil moisture, bulk density, soil organic carbon, and nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium), were analysed across four seasons.Statistical analyses revealed significant seasonal and spatial variations in soil properties.Seasonal fluctuations were observed in pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, and nutrient levels, with urban areas showing higher nutrient concentrations due to organic waste deposition.Bulk density and soil organic carbon content varied significantly across land-use types, reflecting the influence of anthropogenic activities.Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations between pH, soil moisture, and nutrient availability, highlighting the impact of seasonal changes and land-use practices on soil fertility.The findings underscore the need for sustainable land management to mitigate anthropogenic impacts and preserve riparian soil health.