Development of a STEAM-Based Module to Enhance HOTS (Analytical, Critical, and Creative Thinking) for Pre-service Science Teachers at UNISLA

The demand for adaptive graduates in the Society 5.0 era necessitates the enhancement of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). However, this is constrained by a lack of innovative teaching materials for pre-service science teachers at the Islamic University of Lamongan. This research aims to develop and assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a STEAM-based module designed to improve HOTS (analytical, critical, and creative thinking). Employing a 4D model of Research and Development (R&D), the product was validated by six experts and trialled with 25 students using a one-group pretest/posttest design. Data were analyzed using feasibility percentages and N-Gain scores. The results indicated that the module was declared "Very Feasible" by the experts, with scores of 88% for material content, 85.8% for language, and 90% for media. The module's implementation proved effective, achieving an average N-Gain score of 0.78 (categorized as "High"). This included improvements in creative thinking (N-Gain 0.85), critical thinking (N-Gain 0.78), and analytical thinking (N-Gain 0.69). Furthermore, the module received a highly positive response from students (89.2%). Therefore, this STEAM-based learning module is proven to be a valid and effective practical solution for enhancing the multiple dimensions of HOTS among pre-service teachers and can serve as a model for developing instructional materials in higher education.