Molecular mechanisms of action of natural bioactive compounds in personalized medicine for the rehabilitation of cancer patients after chemo and radiation therapy

The purpose of the study. To analyze scientific data on the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of key natural bioactive substances used to support cancer patients after chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the framework of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is associated with the selection of targeted drugs based on tumor genomics, taking into account the bioindividuality of each patient, his molecular, physiological and behavioral characteristics. In the context of natural bioactive compounds, a personalized approach involves the study of interindividual variability in the metabolism of phytocomponents, polymorphisms of detoxification genes, and individual characteristics of molecular targets. Material and methods. A systematic literature analysis was conducted for the period 2010-2024 in the databases Cyberleninka, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SAGE Premier, Springer, and Wiley Journals. Results. The natural compounds with the greatest vector of development in the rehabilitation of cancer patients (mushrooms, phytopreparations, nutrients) and their molecular mechanisms are considered. Clinical studies have been analyzed, indicating the resources of natural compounds in reducing the toxic effects of antitumor therapy and accelerating the rehabilitation of patients, taking into account individual and molecular characteristics. Conclusion. The use of natural bioactive compounds at the stage of rehabilitation of cancer patients is considered as an interdisciplinary approach requiring further validation of scientific data. Natural compounds, when used scientifically, can provide additional opportunities to support patients' health and improve their quality of life. The integration of phytotherapy into oncology is an area that requires further study. Large multicenter RCTs in various populations are needed, and further study of the pharmacokinetics and interactions of drugs and natural compounds in the rehabilitation of cancer patients. A promising area is "molecular integrative oncology", which uses natural products in accordance with the molecular profile of the tumor and the patient.