Assessing the economic feasibility of hydrogen generation from renewable energy sources

The transition to sustainable energy systems necessitates exploring hydrogen generation from renewable energy sources (RES), yet its economic feasibility remains a critical challenge. This study assesses the economic viability of producing green hydrogen in China, focusing on the period from 2020 to 2040. A techno-economic model is employed to evaluate costs, energy inputs, and scalability, incorporating solar and wind resources as primary RES. Key findings reveal: (1) the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) declines significantly by 2040, reaching $2.5–3.0/kg due to falling renewable energy and electrolyzer costs (2) regions with high solar irradiance (e.g., Northwest China); exhibit the lowest production costs; and (3) policy support, such as carbon pricing and subsidies, accelerates cost competitiveness with fossil-based hydrogen. The study underscores the need for integrated renewable-hydrogen policies, infrastructure investments, and international collaboration to unlock China's potential as a green hydrogen hub. • Biomass-solar hybrid system cuts emissions and boosts energy resilience. • SCO 2 cycle and multi-effect distillation improve energy utilization. • System delivers 7245 kW with 60.3 % exergy efficiency and potable water. • Levelized energy cost is $17.6/MWh; GHG index is 64.3 kg/MWh. • Electrolyzer and solar panels show highest exergy losses needing attention.