Comprehensive design and scheduling optimization of a photovoltaic-wind-solid waste hybrid power system for green hydrogen and methanol production

To achieve the reduction of CO 2 emissions and optimize the energy structure in industrial parks, we propose an integrated energy low-carbon economic operation strategy that considers both waste energy utilization and renewable methanol synthesis . This strategy fully leverages the benefits of hydrogen storage in liquid form. This model is integrated with photovoltaic and wind power generation , water electrolysis for hydrogen production , and combined with power-to-methanol (PtM) technology to establish a methanol synthesis system model. Under the tiered carbon trading mechanism with incentives and penalties, along with consideration of the user-side flexible load management, the system is guided to control carbon emissions. Ultimately, the model aims to minimize the total costs associated with energy purchases, carbon trading, demand response compensations, wind curtailment penalties, and equipment maintenance, thus optimizing the economic performance of Integrated Energy System (IES). Comparative analyses across four distinct scenarios—featuring a carbon capture system, flexible load management, and a tiered carbon trading mechanism—show the net profit increases by 19.1 %, operating costs decrease by 49.6 %, CO 2 emissions are reduced by 93.9 %, the wind curtailment rate decreases from 28.7 % to 4.3 %, and the light curtailment rate decreases from 8.3 % to 0.1 %. These findings substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed model in fostering a low-carbon economy. • Technical-economic framework optimizes wind-solar-hydrogen-methanol-waste incineration integration. • Waste incineration with carbon capture boosts efficiency and enables carbon recycling in renewable H 2 /CH 3 OH production. • Tiered carbon trading raises net profit by 1064 CNY/day, highlighting low-carbon IES economic benefits. • User-side flexible loads cut solar/wind curtailment (7.2 %.→4.2 %; 2.6 %→0.1 %) and yield 2557 CNY/day net benefit.