Soil remediation through washing and flushing: bibliometric trends, technical review, and future prospects

Abstract Soil contamination, caused by industrial activity, inadequate waste disposal, and agricultural practices, is a significant environmental challenge due to the accumulation of contaminants like heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and pesticides. Efficient remediation solutions are crucial for rehabilitating soil health and alleviating environmental hazards. Soil washing and soil flushing are increasingly recognized for their superior removal efficiency, especially in addressing hydrophobic contaminants and heavy metals. This study offers a thorough bibliometric analysis of soil remediation research published from 2003 to 2023, utilizing the Scopus database and applications such as Biblioshiny, Excel, and Scimago Graphica. The analysis reveals trends in publication production, authorship patterns, and international cooperation. The findings indicate an annual growth rate of 8.38% for the publications associated with groundwater remediation research, accompanied by substantial international co-authorship at 24.71%. This research also delineates significant topics, featuring terminology such as “heavy metals,” “biosurfactants,” and “phytoremediation,” underscoring the increasing interest in sustainable soil remediation methods. Furthermore, the review rigorously presents existing methodologies and delineates prospective research avenues, emphasizing sustainable solutions and innovative technologies. This study can provide significant insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to improve soil remediation techniques and adhere to sustainability goals.