GCMS Analysis of Anti-Diabetic and Antioxidant Metabolites from PENICILLIUM Javanicum NZ JNTU

ABSTRACT: The most promising sources of possible secondary metabolites with biological and pharmacological characteristics are fungi. Biological uses of soil fungus are less studied than those of marine and endophytic fungi. The soil fungus Penicillium javanicum was isolated and examined for antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties in the current study. Optimal growing conditions were used to develop the fungus on a wide scale, and serial solvent extraction was used to extract the crude metabolites. Amid P. javanicum extracts ethyl acetate extract presented the highest anti-diabetic activity conforming to 73.24% α-amylase inhibition activity at 400µg/ml to IC50 value of 261.52µg/ml compared to 15.47µg/ml of standard Acarbose. Chloroform extract of P. javanicum inhibited 53.33% amylase activity in contrast to 24.94% and 8.69% anti-diabetic activity of 400µg/ml of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts. Further, ethyl acetate extract evaluated for free radical scavenging potential indicated 70.14% antioxidant activity at 300µg/ml with IC50 value of IC50 value of 166.17µg/ml. The secondary metabolites of P. javanicum in all the extracts analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) revealed three dominant peaks corresponded to 1-Hexadecanol, 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z)-, and 2-Methyl-1-undecanol in the ethyl acetate extract. Whereas, chloroform and ethanol extracts contained 17-Octadecynoic acid and Z,Z-3,13-Octadecedien-1-ol along Nonadecane respectively as dominant metabolites. These metabolites have been reported for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-malignancy activities, and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. However, the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of metabolites of P. javanicum are scarce and being reported for the first time in the present study. The biological activities of secondary metabolites of P. javanicum reported currently are other than soil fungi such as plants and other sources. Hence there is a huge scope to study these metabolites exclusively to discover a novel anti-diabetic drug.