Mitigating Heat Stress in Laying Hens: Strategies to Enhance Egg Production and Welfare under Tropical Conditions

Heat stress (HS) poses a significant challenge to poultry production, particularly in tropical climates, affecting both the welfare and productivity of laying hens. This study investigates various heat stress mitigation strategies, including dietary supplementation with electrolytes, environmental modifications like sprinklers and ventilation systems, and their combined effects on laying hen performance. Key performance indicators such as egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), plumage score, and respiratory rate were measured. Results indicated that environmental modifications, especially sprinklers, significantly improved egg production and reduced respiratory stress. Electrolyte supplementation also contributed to improved welfare by reducing panting and enhancing feed intake. The findings highlight the importance of a multi-pronged approach to effectively manage heat stress in poultry, improving both productivity and animal welfare. The study underscores the need for region-specific solutions and emphasizes the potential of integrated strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on laying hens in tropical climates.