Emerging Technologies for Hybridized Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles

The biggest problem of modern era is pollution, which is continuously increasing and has become a great cause of concern for the world. Every government of today's world is putting its best effort to overcome this problem. It has been observed that a major cause of pollution is excessive use of the internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles. Hence, to reduce the pollution, the idea of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s) is becoming more popular day by day because they cause comparatively less pollution. The increasing demand of HEV's has raised the demand of energy storage system (ESS). Here, renewable energy sources have to be used to make it more eco-friendly but these ESS have a huge problem of low efficiency hence, the range of HEV's decreases. Hence more than one ESS’s are hybridized to form a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) which can overcome the problems faced in ESS. In this paper different kinds of HESS's such as battery-fuel cell, ultra capacitor-fuel cell, ultra capacitor-battery, fuel cell-battery-ultra capacitor have been studied and a comparison is made on different criteria such as energy efficiency, robustness, pollution effect, battery life etc. This paper will help in developing HEV's with enhance performance.