Effect of seasonal variations on semen parameters.

Objective: To determine the correlation between semen analysis parameters and seasonal temperature changes to present the picture of how environmental factors are related to male reproductive health. Study Design: Cross Sectional. Setting: Department of Microbiology, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Period: February 2024 to January 2025. Methods: The total 92 males were enrolled. The semen sample was collected in a sterilized container by participants as per standard collection protocol. After the semen sample collection, the container is immediately transported to the microbiology laboratory for the testing. The statistical data analysis was done through IBM SPSS V.27.0. Results: The total 92 males were enrolled. The age range was 16 to 45 years with the mean age of 30.7 ± 4.71. Temperature was noted at the time of ejaculation and six groups of seasons were made. Volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, & immotile sperms showed significant statistical association with average high temperature of environment. Conclusion: The present study showed a definite seasonal effect on semen parameters, with summer being most obviously detrimental.