METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOILS OF THE JUNIN NATIONAL RESERVE - PERU

Improper dumping of tailings from nearby mining companies into the rivers that flow into Lake Junín as well as improper management and discharge of the Upamayo hydroelectric dam can cause soil contamination. The aim of the study was to analyze metal pollution in the soils of the Junín National Reserve in Peru. Samples were taken at 10 points within the study area at 2 depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) to assess the impact of metals on the soil. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn have exceeded the thresholds of the soil quality guidelines for the protection of the environment and human health according to Canadian regulations. Similarly, the ecological risk index revealed that the risk level for Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb is severe and/or serious at both depths. The geoaccumulation index indicates that an accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg in the soils of the study area, indicating they are persistent pollutants. Furthermore, spatial distribution shows that the nearest sites to the pollutant sources were the most contaminated. Likewise, pH, texture and EC are factors influencing metal concentrations in soil. In conclusion, mining activity and other human actions have contaminated the soils near Lake Junín, impacting the environment and local communities. Although metal concentrations vary, the uniformity in their vertical distribution highlights the complexity of pollution.