Ensuring Food Security through Agricultural Reforms: An Evaluation of India’s New Agriculture Policy

India, with its vast population and agrarian economy, faces the persistent challenge of ensuring food security amidst climate change, resource constraints, and socio-economic disparities. The New Agriculture Policy, introduced in 2020, aims to transform the sector by promoting market liberalization, sustainable practices, and technological integration. This research article evaluates the policy’s effectiveness in enhancing food security through agricultural reforms. It examines key components such as the Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce Act, the Essential Commodities Act amendments, and digital initiatives like Agri Stack. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes secondary data, policy documents, and stakeholder perspectives to assess outcomes like farmer income, market access, and food availability. Findings reveal that while the policy has spurred private investment and technological adoption, challenges like inadequate infrastructure, farmer skepticism, and uneven implementation persist. The article highlights the need for inclusive reforms that prioritize smallholder farmers and sustainable practices to achieve food security. It concludes that the policy’s success hinges on addressing structural bottlenecks, enhancing rural infrastructure, and fostering stakeholder collaboration. Recommendations include strengthening digital literacy, improving credit access, and incentivizing climate-resilient agriculture to ensure equitable food security for India’s growing population by 2050.