ECO-LUMILARD CANDLES: SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF PIG LARD FOR ECO-FRIENDLY ILLUMINATION

This study explores the sustainable innovation of repurposing pig leaf fat (lard), a by-product of swine farming, into eco-friendly candles known as Eco-Lumilard Candles. Originating from the agricultural training programs of the Northern Mindanao School of Fisheries, the research addresses the underutilization of pig lard by integrating it with natural beeswax and essential oils to create a renewable, cost-effective, and biodegradable illumination alternative. Through a series of development trials, the formulation was refined to enhance structural durability, scent masking, and burn performance. The final product demonstrated a competitive burn time of up to four hours, stable wick and flame behavior, ant resistance, and reduced waste pooling compared to pure lard-based and commercial candles. Evaluation methods combined statistical analysis with qualitative feedback, showing promising results in performance and acceptability. The study highlights the potential of agricultural by-product utilization for sustainable product development and provides practical insights for educational and entrepreneurial applications in local communities.