Thoracic Endometriosis Presenting As Catamenial Pneumothorax: A Case Report And Surgical Management With Vats And Diaphragmatic Repair

Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare form of spontaneous pneumothorax that occurs in temporal association with menstruation, typically within 72 hours of the onset of menses. It is the most common manifestation of thoracic endometriosis syndrome, a condition characterized by the presence of functional endometrial tissue within the thoracic cavity. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman with recurrent right-sided pneumothorax coinciding with her menstrual cycle and a background suggestive of pelvic endometriosis. Clinical suspicion led to a multidisciplinary evaluation, and the patient underwent Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS), which revealed diaphragmatic fenestrations and pleural endometrial lesions.