Cultural Identity Affirmation as a Resilience Strategy Against Peer Ostracism: A Qualitative Study of Tribal Adolescents in Kerala

Tribal adolescents in India, particularly from the Irula, Kurumba, and Muduga communities of Attappadi, Kerala, often face peer exclusion and cultural marginalization within school environments. This qualitative study explores how cultural identity affirmation functions as a resilience strategy against such ostracism. Drawing on identity theory and self-affirmation theory, the study employed semi-structured interviews and field observations with thirty participants, including tribal adolescents, educators, and community elders. Thematic analysis yielded three core findings: (1) cultural identity operates as both a protective resource and a point of social tension; (2) traditional practices and intergenerational involvement, especially from elders, nurture psychological strength and a sense of belonging; and (3) institutional settings frequently overlook or inadequately support indigenous identities. These insights highlight the need for culturally responsive educational and mental health practices that validate and integrate tribal adolescents’ identities within formal schooling systems. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of identity-based resilience among marginalized youth and calls for inclusive pedagogical frameworks attuned to indigenous experiences. Keywords: cultural identity, peer ostracism, tribal adolescents, self-affirmation, resilience, psychological well-being