Electrolyte imbalance in patients presenting with Acute Stroke admitted in Tertiary Care ICU in Eastern U.P.

Background Disturbances in electrolyte levels are frequently observed in patients experiencing acute stroke and may substantially influence clinical outcomes. A thorough understanding of these abnormalities and their relationship to stroke classification and prognosis is essential for improving patient care. Objective To assess the occurrence of electrolyte imbalances in individuals with acute stroke and to examine their distribution across various age groups and stroke categories. Methods This institution-based, forward-looking observational research was performed in the Intensive Care Unit of Sir Sunderlal Hospital, BHU. Fifty patients between the ages of 20 and 85, who presented within 72 hours of their initial acute stroke (validated through CT or MRI), were enrolled. Patients with potential confounding conditions, such as kidney dysfunction, hormonal disorders, or those on medications like diuretics or corticosteroids, were excluded. Clinical and laboratory data, including serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, arterial blood gases, and blood glucose, were collected. Stroke classification and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results Of the 50 subjects, 66% were male and 34% were female. The majority fell within the 51–70-year age range. Ischemic strokes accounted for 52%, whereas hemorrhagic strokes represented 48%. The mean serum values were: sodium 141.09 mmol/L, potassium 3.97 mmol/L, chloride 107.53 mmol/L, calcium 0.979 mmol/L, and bicarbonate 24.37 mmol/L. Mortality rates were notably higher among individuals older than 60. Prominent electrolyte anomalies, particularly low sodium (hyponatremia) and low calcium (hypocalcaemia), were associated with less favorable outcomes. Conclusion Electrolyte irregularities are prevalent in acute stroke and can significantly affect patient prognosis. Regular assessment and timely correction of electrolyte levels are vital components of comprehensive stroke care. Age and stroke type should also be considered when predicting clinical outcomes.