Methodology for assessing the feasibility of implementing energy communities through multi-dimensional territorial configurations

Abstract— Energy communities constitute a promising mechanism for expediting an equitable, decarbonized energy transition. However, their deployment at a national scale is constrained by technological and environmental uncertainties, socio-economic asymmetries, and territorial heterogeneity, especially in off-grid or hard-to-reach regions where traditional planning instruments prove inadequate. This paper introduces an integrated five-stage methodology for systematically assessing at the national level the feasibility of energy community models, including collective distributed generation, microgrids, and shared self-consumption. Initially, a country-level conceptual framework elucidates definitions, nationwide success criteria, and spatial scope. Subsequently, variables identified at the national level across all pertinent dimensions are translated into indicators and metrics, and datasets, such as renewable resource maps, electricity-grid assets, demographic information, and regulatory records, are harmonized within a unified geographic information system. Thirdly, a multicriteria analysis employing Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical clustering delineates homogeneous territorial typologies and ranks implementation priorities. Fourthly, each zone undergoes a comprehensive technical, economic, social, and environmental assessment under alternative policy and incentive scenarios generated by a prospective modelling module. Finally, the methodology formulates governance guidelines, blended financing schemes, and phased implementation roadmaps that respect territorial diversity while ensuring scalability and community participation. The approach provides decision makers with a replicable toolbox for designing resilient, inclusive, and context-sensitive energy community programs at national and sub-national scales.