Gasochromic-triboelectric-photodynamic multimodal patch for wound sensing and healing with congenital insensitivity to pain

Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) patients, face severe challenges in wound healing and are prone to exacerbated conditions from secondary injuries due to lack of pain perception. Here, a gasochromic-triboelectric-photodynamic multimodal patch (GTP-MP) is proposed to provide efficient wound sensing and healing for CIP patients, capable of monitoring the extent of wound infection and secondary damage, and achieving controlled treatment. Combined with the bionic structure design and intelligent learning algorithms, GTP-MP achieves an accuracy of 96.7% in detecting wound infections and 98% in identifying secondary injuries. In mouse models, GTP-MP enables visual monitoring by changing color in response to bacterial metabolites within the wound. Additionally, GTP-MP can perform photodynamic therapy based on color changes, with no significant toxic reactions observed post-treatment. This work offers a promising strategy for improving wound sensing and reducing complications.