Targeting Obesity: The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Achieving Sustainable Weight Loss

This review critically evaluates the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist pharmacotherapy in managing obesity. Obesity is a health epidemic that affects 100 million Americans, and it puts individuals at higher risk for numerous health comorbidities over a lifetime. A comprehensive literature review was completed by utilizing PubMed and its clinical queries function to locate relevant research. The research information was narrowed down with a focus on obesity management and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for therapy. Numerous current clinical studies and trials were incorporated into this review. Many clinical trials substantiated the benefits of this pharmacotherapy for the management of obesity. The findings demonstrate that the three Food and Drug Administration-approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists pharmacotherapies for obesity management are highly effective and safe for eligible patients. On average, lifestyle changes and behavioral therapy typically yield a 5% to 10% weight reduction. However, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist medications can achieve about an 8% to 21% weight reduction. Additionally, the cardiovascular benefits of therapy are evident by decreasing risks of strokes and heart attacks in patients with preexisting conditions. These benefits were accompanied by mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. It can be concluded that these medications are the ideal treatment for obese patients who have failed with lifestyle changes. However, there is a lack of medical guidance for the length of therapy duration and also the potential for weight gain after discontinuation of therapy. More research and studies need to be completed that explore the length of treatment. This review bolsters the readers' understanding of the benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists for obese patients and how they can initiate therapy now for eligible patients.