Assessment of actual vehicle emissions in the context of Low Emission Zones

In 2024, Clean Transport Zones were established in the first Polish cities, restricting the right to enter the centers of the largest agglomerations for vehicles that do not meet the latest exhaust emission standards. This solution aims to both counteract air pollution in the vicinity of the largest population centers, but also to limit car traffic in the centers of the largest cities. The imperfection of the vehicle selection key is limited to meeting the appropriate EURO standard, which may not clearly define the actual emission. The aim of the work is to determine the methodology for effective comparison of the results of total vehicle exhaust emissions.