Enhanced fault detection in photovoltaic systems using an ensemble machine learning approach

Malfunctioning of photovoltaic (PV) systems is a main issue affecting solar panels and other related components. Detecting such issues early leads to efficient energy production with low maintenance costs and high system performance consistency. This paper proposed an ensemble model (EM) for fault detection (FD) in PV systems. The proposed model utilized advanced machine learning algorithms containing random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and gradient boosting (GB). Traditional approaches often do not handle the several situations that PV systems can have. Our EM leveraged the power of GB’s algorithm in handling complex data patterns through iterative boosting, KNN’s capability in capturing local data structures, and RF’s strength in handling overfitting and noise through its tree structure randomness. Combining these models enhanced fault detection capabilities, providing excellent accuracy compared to individual models. To evaluate the performance of our EM, different experiments were conducted. The results demonstrated substantial improvements in detection fault, achieving an accuracy rate of 95%. This accuracy rate considered high underscores the model’s capability to handle fault detection of PV systems, posing a consistent solution for instant fault detection and maintenance scheduling.