Analysis of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Characteristics and Geomagnetic Impact During 2010-2024

This study examines the physical characteristics, geomagnetic consequences, and auroral reactions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) linked to Magnetic Clouds that had place between 2010 and 2024. Key CME properties such propagation speed, type, magnetic field components (Bz and Bt), and related geomagnetic indices (Dst and Kp) are examined. Since magnetic clouds are among the most intense solar phenomena, special attention is paid to CMEs connected to them. Forty-five of the seventy nine CMEs that were investigated were halo CMEs, one was a multiple halo CME, and thirty-three were partial halo CMEs. 24.05% were classified as moderate, 56.96% as intense, 1.26% as super-intense, and 11.39% as weak in terms of geomagnetic intensity. Notably, intense geomagnetic storms (Dst < -100 nT) were linked to 65.82% of these occurrences. According to a statistical examination of CME speed, 75.55% of halo CMEs associated with magnetic clouds traveled faster than 1000 km/s, and around 39.24% of these high-speed occurrences caused notable geomagnetic disruptions. These results highlight how important magnetic clouds and high-speed CMEs are in causing space weather events.