Investigating the key factors behind English - speaking anxiety among Iraqi and Yemeni college students and the role of AI in mitigation

The current study looks into the key factors behind trepidation or anxiety among English-speaking Iraqi and Yemeni college students. The quantitative approach has been adopted focusing on two factors: fear of communication apprehension and negative evaluation. Twelve items were adapted from the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and administered to 110 Iraqi and 198 Yemeni students comprising both male and female students. Data analysis revealed that communication anxiety is a shared issue for college students in both Iraq and Yemen with females exhibiting significantly higher anxiety levels than males. The findings underscore that negative evaluation and communication anxiety are critical psychological barriers affecting language performance and participation. Additionally, the study highlights that a lack of sufficient language input and limited opportunities for speaking practice in English classes contribute to heightened anxiety levels. The study proposes the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered tools into language learning environments as this will provide an innovative, supportive, and non-judgmental environment. In contrast to traditional classroom settings, where students may fear negative evaluation or embarrassment, AI can help reduce anxiety and foster a positive learning atmosphere by simulating real-life communication and providing instant supportive feedback. The study recommends that teachers utilize AI and supportive teaching strategies to create a safe space for language development.