Harnessing palm oil for climate change mitigation: pathways to net zero emissions

This study investigates the potential of the palm oil industry to contribute to climate change mitigation and achieve net-zero emissions by evaluating current technologies, policy frameworks, and sustainable practices.A qualitative literature review was conducted, synthesising findings from over 80 peer-reviewed articles and policy reports published in the last two decades. Data were systematically collected from databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, and analysed using thematic content analysis to identify key themes in innovation, policy implementation, and environmental and social impacts. Technological interventions, including methane capture from palm oil mill effluent and precision agriculture, have reduced emissions by 30% to 90%. Policy frameworks like RSPO and ISPO show promise but require more inclusive enforcement and broader adoption. The sector’s mitigation potential is significant if supported by cohesive strategies. Palm oil plays a pivotal role in climate change mitigation when managed sustainably and supported by robust policies. While technological and policy advances have reduced emissions, challenges remain in scaling these solutions for smallholders. Stakeholders should focus on scaling sustainable technologies, enhancing smallholder inclusion, and strengthening enforcement of sustainability standards. Empowering smallholders is critical for aligning the sector with global net-zero ambitions.