Power Injection Model and Optimal Placement of an Electric Spring in a Distribution System

The past decade has accelerated growth in using renewable energy sources for power generation. The intermittent nature of these sources, especially solar and wind, and their increased penetration in power systems threatened the grid's security by creating voltage fluctuations. Electric Spring is a recent novel concept that provides electric voltage support to the grid. The novelty of this study is developing a steady-state power injection model for the Electric Spring and incorporating it to optimally place the device in a distributed power system based on the voltage sensitivity index (VSI). This model also portrays the Electric Spring as a smart load when used with a dissipative electric load. The suggested model is independent of the bus voltages and branch currents; rather, it depends only on the parameters of the Electric Spring. The effectiveness of this suggested methodology is tested on 14-bus, 33-bus and 69-bus distribution networks. In each case, the node voltages and real and reactive powers injected at each bus are found to be better, and the performance of the ES with a DSTATCOM is also compared.