Driving Towards Sustainability: Unveiling the Complexities of Electric Vehicle Range Optimization Across Diverse Terrain and Weather Conditions

Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising solution for reducing fossil fuel dependency and mitigating environmental concerns. However, their range is significantly influenced by weather conditions, temperature variations, and pavement types. This study uses empirical data analysis with the Tata Nexon EV to examine these external factors. Our findings indicate that EVs achieve optimal range on flat, smooth roads during high summer temperatures. In contrast, rough, uneven, wet, and hilly terrains lead to increased battery consumption and reduced range. Extreme conditions, such as driving on hilly roads during cold and rainy seasons, further exacerbate range limitations. These results provide critical insights for policymakers, engineers, and urban planners, emphasizing the need for EV-friendly infrastructure, such as smoother roads and strategically placed charging stations. Additionally, the study offers valuable guidance for improving EV design and performance, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and efficient transportation solutions.