Neurodegenerative diseases and dementia: the role of blood-brain barrier dysfunction (based on recent evidence)

The review describes the molecular architecture and physiology of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), modern methods for assessing the condition of the BBB, the role of its dysfunction in some neurodegenerative diseases, and the contribution of vascular pathology. The pathogenetic mechanisms by which violation of BBB leads to neurodegeneration are discussed. Early diagnosis in these nosologies is crucial for adequate therapy and a favorable prognosis. In this regard, the possibility of identifying neuroimaging patterns indicating violations of BBB permeability is being considered, and the pathoanatomical characteristics of BBB dysfunction are also being studied.