Rethinking Public Access to Criminal Trials in the Context of Virtual Justice

Abstract Public participation has long been a fundamental aspect of criminal trials, traditionally requiring physical presence in courtrooms. However, the covid -19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote technologies, enabling broader access to proceedings through these tools. Despite this shift, remote public participation in criminal trials remains inconsistent and raises significant legal and procedural questions. This paper examines whether such participation aligns with the European Convention on Human Rights and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. It explores the benefits and challenges of remote public access, considering issues such as the scope of access, potential engagement formats, and necessary safeguards against misuse. By analysing legal frameworks, scholarly literature, and case law, this study proposes recommendations for implementing remote public participation.