Histological Evaluation of Local Application of Peripheral Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix on Bone Healing of Rats

Abstract Background: Bones are more than just the framework that binds the body together. Bones exist in diverse forms and sizes and serve a variety of functions. Repairing defects in bones remains a significant clinical medical problem. Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, meaning it relies on the close spatial and temporal interaction between blood vessels and bone cells to maintain skeletal integrity. Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of using platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) (supercell and glue) and peripheral blood stem cells to promote bone repair at the site of injury. Materials and Methods: This research will include the use of 20 male albino rats, with weights ranging from 300 to 400 g and ages between 6 and 8 months. These rats will be subjected to controlled conditions in terms of temperature, drinking, and food utilization. The animals will be subjected to an intrabony defect in the maxillary diastema. In the control group, consisting of 10 rats, the maxillary diastema bony defect will be left untreated. Simultaneously, the experimental group consisting of 10 rats will be subjected to treatment using a PRFM infused with stem cells at a dosage of 1 mg. The rats were euthanized at 2 and 4 weeks postsurgery, with five animals per time point for each group. Results: The histological examination reveals that the bone defect treated with a PRFM, including stem cells, exhibits a rapid creation of osteoid tissue, characterized by a large number of cells involved in bone formation, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Conclusion: The use of PRFM combined with stem cells has shown the potential to enhance bone healing and augment osteogenic ability. This evidence supports the notion that these aims may be achieved, hence providing valuable insights for future clinical treatment.