Investigating the Anticancer Potential of Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Assessment on TP-53 and PC-3 Cell Lines

Abstract Background: The increased threat of cancer is a critical challenge due to the absence of absolute treatment that eradicates this disease. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) offer promising opportunities for the development of anticancer medicines, particularly due to their high degree of adaptability and flexibility. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of CS NPs on the viability of cancer cells in vitro . Materials and Methods: CS NPs were synthesized using concentrated acetic acid and sodium tripolyphosphate as cross-linker. CS NPs were described using atomic ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HRSEM). Then, the cytotoxic effect of CS NPs was estimated on TP-53 and PC-3 cancer cells in comparison with HdFn normal cell line using 3-[4,5-Dimethyl-2-Thiazolyl)-2,5-Diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Results: The formation of CS NPs was confirmed by UV/Vis and FT-IR with mean size of the CS NPs of 299.2 ± 12.72 nm, and they had a spherical form uniform distribution. Cytotoxic activity of CS PNs showed that treatment of TP-53 and PC-3 with low concentrations of CS NPs showed no significant reduction in cell viability. On the contrary, increasing CS NPs concentrations markedly correlated with significant ( P < 0.01) inhibition of TP-53 and PC-3 cell viability. Conclusions: The method of concentrated acetic acid and sodium tripolyphosphate was employed to synthesize CS NPs within the nanoscale range. CS NPs can induce a reduction in cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent pattern.