Efficacy of Aloe Vera-Loading Chitosan Nanoparticles and Submucosa on Nerve Regeneration

Abstract Background: Many biological and synthetic materials have been tested to bridge a peripheral loss of substance, such as arteries, veins, mesothelial chambers, predegenerated or fresh skeletal muscle, and Schwann cells. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate nerve regeneration in an experimental model of injured sciatic nerve using various assessments. ad ditionally, the study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of selenium nanoparticles (NPs) in rabbit nerve regeneration. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 20 healthy adult rabbits. They were randomly divided into four equal groups. The rabbits were anesthetized with Ketamine and Xylazine and administered intramuscularly. Experimental induction of injury was performed on the sciatic nerve of the left side in all animals using a blade. In the treated group, the injured nerve was treated with efficacy aloe vera-loading chitosan NPs and submucosa. All rabbits were followed for 56 days, with the daily assessment of motor and sensory sciatic nerve clinical reflexes. Results: Results showed remarkable improvement in both gait and knuckling, reaching normal levels on day 20 and 28 postoperation (PO), respectively. Moreover, the treated group exhibited significant sensory reflexes ( P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group on day 56 PO. The conduction velocity at 8 weeks PO did not show significant differences between the treated group and the control at P < 0.05. However, significant differences were observed within the same group between the left sciatic nerve (OP) and the right sciatic nerve. Histopathological examinations indicated relative convergence among all groups, including the proliferation of Schwann cells and the orientation of regenerative nerve fibers. Conclusions: The aloe vera-loaded chitosan NPs and submucosa played an important role in improving nerve regeneration.