Preptin and Irisin as a Metabolic Biomarkers in Juvenile Diabetes

Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to reduced or absent insulin secretion. It is widely spread among children with a prevalence increased worldwide in recent years. Preptin is a novel peptide hormone secreted concomitantly with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells. Irisin is a novel exercise-induced myokine secreted from skeletal muscle which will have a great role in regulating glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Objective: As patients with type 1 diabetes are known to have reduced or absent insulin secretion and metabolic syndrome. The present work aims to evaluate the levels of preptin and irisin and determine their correlation to the disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 children participated in this study who divided into 50 patients with T1D and 50 were of controls. The patients who developed diabetic complications during sample collection were excluded. Preptin and irisin were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Slightly decreased levels of preptin were found in patients compared with control group ( P > 0.05). Irisin was slightly increased in the patients group ( P > 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between preptin with irisin and random blood sugar (RBS) with P -value ( r = 0.762, P ≤ 0.001), ( r = 0.345, P = 0.025), respectively. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between irisin and RBS ( r = 0.352, P = 0.022). Conclusion: Preptin was correlated positively and significantly with irisin in all individuals. Preptin and irisin correlated significantly with RBS only in the patients group, which indicates a strong association with hyperglycemia. Irisin was a significant predictor for preptin and thus residual β-cells; therefore, it can be used as a prognostic marker for T1DM.