Acute Scrotum Management: The Significance of Color Doppler Ultrasound

Abstract Background: It is important to distinguish with certainty between surgical and nonsurgical treatments for acute scrotal pain. It is widely recognized that early surgery for testicular salvage in ischemic disease, particularly torsion of the testis, offers advantages. The objective is to diagnose testicular torsion early so that prompt surgery can rescue the testis and rule out the condition to avoid unnecessary surgery. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional research of 41 pediatric patients with acute scrotal conditions collected data from January 2021 to February 2022, excluding scrotal trauma. Patient data includes age, disease duration, diagnosis, and ultrasound diagnostic—the positive or negative result of the patient. Results: About 100% of individuals with calcified testes and scrotal edema are under 1 year old. About 50% of testicular torsion patients were above 5 years old, whereas 40% of epididymo-orchitis patients were under 5 years Substantial relationship between final diagnosis and prognosis, with 100% of calcified testes, strangulated hernia, and testicular torsion patients needing surgery. Epididymo-orchitis and scrotal edema require only medical therapy for 100% of individuals. There was an insignificant correlation between the ultimate diagnosis and the onset. Conclusion: Severe anomalies, including calcified testes and scrotal edema, mainly affect children under 1 year old, with age strongly correlated with diagnosis. Calcified testes, strangulated hernia, and testicular torsion require surgery, whereas epididymo-orchitis and scrotal edema are treatable medically. It appears that the scrotal disorder’s type determines the therapy, as the onset does not alter the diagnosis. This study emphasizes the importance of age-specific pediatric scrotal illness diagnosis and treatment.