The Role of E-Instructor Support in Enhancing Academic Performance: Mediating Effect of Social Engagement among Online Education Alumni in Pakistani Universities

This study aims to examine the perspectives and strategies of Pakistani university graduates regarding mandatory online courses and advancements in remote learning. To determine their views on the advancement of online education in Pakistani universities, 436 students and alumni from higher education institutions have been selected. The Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS 24) technique was used to analyze the data in this study. The study aimed to understand the inner workings of the participating students and found that their reactions to online learning were unsatisfactory and uncomfortable. According to the study's findings, online education is not progressing as planned in developing nations like Pakistan, where the infrastructure lacks the necessary technical components for online learning, such as reliable and affordable internet connections, laptops or Android smartphones, and electricity. The goal of this study was to get insight into the participants' inner lives and investigate why students' reactions to online learning are unsatisfactory and uncomfortable. The study found that in developing nations like Pakistan, where infrastructure is lacking, online education plans often fail to meet the necessary technical requirements, such as a reliable and affordable internet connection, laptops or Android smartphones, and electricity.