Comprehensive Study of FAGeI₃ Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cell: A SCAPS‐1D Simulation

The environmental challenges associated with lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) underscore the need to explore environment‐friendly alternatives. This work explores the potential of germanium‐based perovskite FAGeI 3 as a lead‐free alternative in PSCs. Using SCAPS‐1D simulation software to investigate the performance of the PSC, the device structure FTO/ZnSe/FAGeI 3 /V 2 O 5 demonstrates an optimal power conversion efficiency of 14.47%. The dependence of device performance on key parameters like the combination of charge transport layers, the thickness of the absorber layer, the defect density, the electron affinity of the absorber layer, and temperature is studied. The result underscores the need for further study of FAGeI 3 as a promising material for efficient and sustainable PSCs.