MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STUDY OF TISSUE BASOPHILS ACTIVITY WITH GENERAL DEEP HYPOTHERMIA

Abstract. The absence of a complex morphofunctional approach to the study of tissue basophils when exposed to cold factors has not allowed for the revelation of many aspects of the pathogenesis of changes in this influence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the morpho-functional state of tissue basophils of different layers of skin with general deep hypothermia. Immediately after cold exposure, a massive degranulation of tissue basophils, especially those located directly near the wall of vessels, is noted. The most pronounced changes we have noted from the third day of the posthypothermal period manifested almost 100% of the degranulation of tissue basophils, which were directly close to the wall of the vessels, to a strong degree. 59,96% of degranulating cells were found in the papillary layer of the dermis. Of these, 8,53% with low degranulation, 12,93% with moderate and 38,42% with strong degranulation. The mesh layer also increases the processes of secretion, especially to a strong degree. It can detect 70,2% of degranulating tissue basophils, 11,02% with a weak degree, 13,73% – with an average, and 45,67% – with a strong degree of degranulation. In the hypoderm, almost all cells, located close to microvishins, are degraded (96,63%), with 16,08% – poorly degraded, 21,65% – degraded moderately, and 58,91% – strongly. Degranulation indices are in the papillary layer 0,62, in the retina – 0,72, and in the hypoderm – 0,97. At the electron microscopic level, you can see swelling of all structural components of the microvascular wall, which leads to hypoxia and subsequent deepening of disorders of blood-binged and transcapillary metabolism. You can also see a significant decrease in the size of tissue basophils and the mass exit of the granules beyond them. Almost all cells delay, resulting in the appearance of a small cell with a swollen nucleus and a small number of granules. In the cytoplasm of mitochondria with destroyed crystals, vacuoled tubes of granular endoplasmic reticulum and single-shaped tanks of the Golgi apparatus are destroyed. There is a considerable amount of macropinocytosis vesicles, multivesicular calves, and vacuoles. In other tissue basophils, the processes of granulolysis are observed. The cells look diminished, with single granules and a large number of large vacuoles. Many cells die, accompanied by the destruction of the cytoband, resulting in the nucleus and granules lying freely, scattered, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus being destroyed. Conclusions. Thus, in the study of the effect of general deep hypothermia on tissue basophils of different skin layers, we concluded that immediately after cold exposure, massive degranulation of tissue basophils, especially those located directly near the vascular wall, occurred. We noted the most pronounced changes from the third day of the posthypothermic period, which was manifested by almost 100% degranulation of tissue basophils located close to the vessel wall, and to a severe degree. At the electron microscopic level, swelling of all structural components of the microvascular wall can be seen, which leads to hypoxia and further aggravation of blood circulation and transcapillary metabolism disorders. Normalization in the microcirculatory system begins on the fourteenth day of the posthypothermic period, which correlates with an increase in the number of tissue basophils with a simultaneous tendency to a decrease in degranulation processes.