Introducing the elastomers with lowest water absorption and permeability

Elastomers, known for their unique elastic properties and extensive industrial applications, are the focus of this comprehensive review. This review investigates the water absorption behavior of elastomers, particularly in marine environments where their mechanical, physical, and electrical properties are critical. It shows that efforts to mitigate water permeation and improve performance, especially in submerged environment applications, are driving research into modifying elastomer structures and understanding diffusion mechanisms. Various types of elastomers, including natural rubber (NR), butadiene rubber (BR), polychloroprene, butyl, chlorobutyl, and bromobutyl rubbers (IIR, CIIR, and BIIR), fluorocarbon rubbers (FKM), and polyurethanes are analyzed for their suitability in engineering applications. Polyurethanes prove advantageous in coatings due to lower water absorption and permeability, along with improved mechanical strength and acoustic properties. Recent formulation advances, including solvent-free waterborne polyurethanes, show promise for durability and performance enhancement when in contact with water. This development contributes to a more comprehensive understanding and utilization of elastomers in underwater environments.