Infección por adenovirus en receptores pediátricos de trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos

Introduction: adenovirus infection occurs in approximately 14–16% of patients within the first 3–4 months following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with higher incidence in the pediatric population compared to adults. This is associated with an increased risk of adenovirus disease and overall mortality at 6 months. Prevention of adenovirus disease relies on early detection of viral replication in blood or stool and timely intervention. Cidofovir, a cytosine monophosphate nucleotide analog, is currently the only antiviral agent recommended for adenovirus infection. Method: a systematic review was conducted on adenovirus infection in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Full-text articles were assessed, and key information was extracted, including study design, population, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Due to heterogeneity among studies, findings were summarized narratively. Results: in pediatric transplant recipients, fecal screening is recommended both before and after the procedure. Treatment strategies include immunosuppression reduction, cidofovir or brincidofovir administration. Immunotherapy with virus-specific T cells shows promise, although its use is limited by accessibility and production time. Early monitoring improves prognosis. Conclusion: adenovirus infection in HSCT requires timely diagnosis and screening, along with antiviral treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. In Colombia, these therapies are currently unavailable; therefore, it is essential to raise awareness of their importance to improve care for these immunosuppressed patients.