Performance Comparison of Source Discontinuity and Source Recovery Error Estimators for Higher-Order Conformal Solutions of the Electric Field Integral Equation

In the past ten years, robust, computationally efficient error estimators for integral equation methods have gained attention due to their role in informing the uncertainty when computationally predicting a given structure's electromagnetic response. In particular, error estimators are an enabling factor in the hp-adaptive solution of problems due to their role in efficiently driving the decision-making progress for where and how to refine the solution space for a given discretization. Historically, field residual estimators have been most frequently studied due to their direct mathematical association with the operator and the boundary condition used to set up the problem. However, these field residual techniques require computations on the order of the initial solution process, and they require a process for calculating the fields that is independent of the specific boundary conditions originally imposed to solve the problem.