Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Array In-Depth Analysis of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm

To optimize photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency, robust Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are essential. This research focuses on enhancing solar energy capture by meticulously examining the Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm. Using MATLAB/Simulink, the P&O algorithm's performance and effectiveness were simulated under diverse environmental conditions. A novel MATLAB code was developed to replicate the P&O MPPT process, dynamically adjusting the duty cycle to pinpoint the PV array's Maximum Power Point (MPP). The algorithm iteratively perturbs the voltage and monitors subsequent power changes to direct the next perturbation. Key parameters, such as previous duty cycle, voltage, and power, were preserved to refine tracking accuracy and stability. Simulation outcomes demonstrate the P&O algorithm's efficacy in maximizing PV system power output. Notably, it showcased improved convergence speed to the MPP and reduced oscillations around it. The system exhibited resilience to rapid fluctuations in solar irradiance and temperature, maintaining peak performance through adaptive duty cycle modifications.