Impact of friction stir welding parameters and materials on mechanical and metallurgical properties and benefits, drawbacks, and potential uses: A summary

An established solid-state welding process that has gained popularity in the production of welded components is friction stir welding, or the FSW technique. It can be particularly employed in the aerospace, submarine, spacecraft, automotive, and other industries for welding different metal alloys and non-metals. When compared to fusion welding, FSW offers numerous benefits, such as less distortion, porosity defects, heat-affected zones (HAZ), and the absence of shielding gas requirements. The current study explored the thorough analysis of FSW its principle, microstructural features, wear, mechanical properties and uses and scopes. Additionally, the availability of many common materials for FSW processes was discussed. The process parameters and consequences, in addition to the preheating effect were also presented.