Analyses on Transitions to Net-Zero Emissions in Asian Countries

Asian countries have a large share in energy-intensive industry sectors and are key to achieving deep emissions reduction in the world including the transition stages toward net-zero emissions. This study develops the energy transition scenarios to meet the Paris long-term climate goals both in energy supply and end-use sectors in some key Asian countries, using a global energy systems model with high regional and technology resolutions. There are different pathways among Asian countries even for the 2°C and 1.5°C targets. For example, Japan shows a relatively large share of imported hydrogen-based energy sources, such as hydrogen, ammonia, e-methane, and e-fuels. Meanwhile, large amounts of CCS contributions in China are observed as well as renewables. Meanwhile, hydrogen-based energy sources will be also important after around 2040, and the cooperation for the energy supply chains among Asian countries is also important. While it is also important for seeking coordination in the carbon price, different pathways and different roles exist among Asian countries.