Investigations of HLA‐F and HLA‐G 3′UTR Polymorphisms in Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction Indicate a Possible Role of HLA‐F‐HLA‐G Haplotypes and Diplotypes

HLA-F and HLA-G may be involved in the pathogeneses of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). However, the functions of HLA-F and HLA-G in placental dysfunction remain unclear. The aim was to investigate differences in the prevalence of specific HLA-F and HLA-G gene allelic polymorphisms, genotypes, haplotypes, and diplotypes between controls and cases with preeclampsia or FGR. In total, blood samples from 365 pregnant females (controls, n = 192; preeclampsia, n = 164; FGR, n = 19) in their second and third trimester, and corresponding cordial blood samples (reflecting newborns, n = 160) were obtained after delivery. Genomic DNA was sequenced with a focus on the specific gene polymorphisms in the HLA-F gene locus, especially the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1362126 (G/A), rs2523405 (T/G) and rs2523393 (A/G), as well as the rs371194629 (14-bp ins/del) in the 3'UTR of HLA-G. Haplotype and diplotype distributions were obtained using PHASE v2.1, and linkage disequilibrium analyses were performed. SNPs in the HLA-F gene locus and the 3'UTR of HLA-G were not associated with the risk of preeclampsia or FGR. The SNPs did not correlate with fetal-placental weight ratio, deviation of birth weight at gestational age, and placental weight. However, a trend towards an absence of certain HLA-F-HLA-G extended diplotypes in preeclampsia was observed. The current study does not support associations of the investigated HLA-F SNPs with preeclampsia or FGR. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the possible role of certain fetal HLA-F-HLA-G extended haplotypes and diplotypes in preeclampsia.