Hesperidin Protects Against Bisphenol-A-Induced Renal Damage in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Bisphenol-A (BPA), a common environmental contaminant, is linked to kidney toxicity through mechanisms involving inflammation and oxidative stress. Hesperidin, a bioactive compound found in citrus fruits, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the protective role of hesperidin against BPA-induced renal damage. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5). Group A served as the normal control. Group B received 50 mg/kgBPA orally for 14 days. Groups C, D, and E were pre-treated with hesperidin at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, for 14 days, followed by BPA for another 14 days. Group F received 200 mg/kghesperidin alone for 28 days. After the treatment period, kidney and blood samples were collected for biochemical and histological assessments. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). BPA administration significantly increased (p < 0.05) pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, while antioxidant enzymes (SOD, Catalase, GPx) were reduced. Histological analysis revealed structural kidney damage in the BPA group. Hesperidin treatment significantly reversed these effects, showing reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress, along with improved kidney histology and function. These results suggest that hesperidin provides protective effects against BPA-induced renal toxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation and preserving kidney function.