A Framework for Circular Building Renovation: Integrating LCA, C2C, 10R, and Stakeholder Engagement

Background and aim. Circular economy (CE) practices in the built environment require integrating strategies such as life cycle assessment (LCA), cradle-to-cradle (C2C) principles, stakeholder collaboration, and the 10R framework to enhance resource efficiency and minimize environmental impacts across the entire building. However, existing research lacks a comprehensive framework that systematically combines these elements while demonstrating their practical application and addressing stakeholder alignment in real-world scenarios. This study aims to propose a novel framework that integrates LCA, C2C principles, the 10R framework, and stakeholder engagement to advance CE practices in building renovation. Methods and Data. By applying a mixed-methods approach, this study combines qualitative and quantitative analyses to evaluate CE strategies. The qualitative analysis involves material suitability for reuse, refurbishment, or storage, and explores stakeholder roles within the 10R and C2C frameworks. The quantitative analysis, based on LCA, measures GHG emissions by comparing two scenarios using new and reused materials, highlighting potential carbon savings. A case study of a single-family building renovation from Sweden illustrates the practical application of these strategies and emphasizes the importance of stakeholder collaboration in overcoming barriers. Findings. The findings underscore the importance of strategic material selection and the transformative role of material reuse in achieving long-term carbon savings and minimizing GHG emissions. Incorporating reused materials into building renovation p