Comparison of methods for calculating the parameters of an explosion shock wave for the design of protective engineering structures

The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, through the use of the full range of enemy aerial attack means not only against military targets but also against critical infrastructure objects (hereinafter – CIOs) [1, 2] and other civilian facilities, has brought significant changes in the construction of protective and civil defense structures. The current regulatory documents [3] were developed under the assumption of a single nuclear explosion occurring at a considerable distance from the facility, which is why the design of building structures was carried out without taking into account other damaging factors [4]. The realities of the war have shown that the enemy’s use of high-precision weapons in the form of kamikaze unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter – UAVs) and various types of missiles requires the immediate development of unified approaches to the construction of modern, highly reliable protective and fortification structures. Today, Ukraine is actively implementing the “Fortress Country” concept, approved by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. This concept envisions integrated protection of CIOs and other strategically important facilities, which includes the organization of layered air defense systems similar to those used in Israel, the United States, and other countries. This approach is combined with comprehensive civil and engineering protection measures, electronic warfare systems, the deployment of decoys, camouflage, the shift from large strategic facilities to smaller, dispersed ones, as well as the transition to natural energy sources. Altogether, these measures are expected to significantly increase the country’s resilience to external threats during martial law. Ukraine must develop a regulatory framework ensuring that, when designing fortification and engineering protection structures for CIOs and other critical objects, new threats from enemy aerial attacks are duly considered.