Gender Policy and Couple Astronauts: Confinement and Resilience Countermeasures in Deep Space Exploration

Space science has been developed with a long term perspective beyond missions on the Earth orbit, the International Space Station (ISS) and Shenzhou. While space tourism is a commercial project, NASA SpaceX is considering innovative missions for the moon station and Mars in the 2030s. The major hazards of radiation, microgravity, distance from Earth and hostile environments will be technologically addressed for the biological and physiological safety of human spaceflight.