Indomethacin-Loaded Nanosponges for Oral Delivery: Formulation Strategy, Optimization, and In-vitro Evaluation

Chronic illnesses like arthritis cause pain and inflammation, requiring extended oral analgesic therapy. To reduce adverse reactions, active pharmaceutical ingredients are administered through sustained-release dosage forms. However, methods like matrix tablets, osmotic systems, and ion exchange resins have limitations. Nanotechnological approaches like nanosponges improve precision and accuracy in medication release manufacturing. Encapsulated formulations offer benefits like reduced side effects, varied dose options, non-irritating properties, and aesthetic appeal. Nanosponges are used in formulation to provide stability, improve bioavailability, alter taste, and target medication distribution systems. βcyclodextrin-based nanoparticles are used to achieve active pharmaceutical ingredients characteristics. Polymers like ethylcellulose are commonly used for sustained-release formulations. Nanosponges can be synthesized using techniques like solvent technique, cross-linking, ultrasound-assisted preparation, and emulsion solvent diffusion. Ultrasound-assisted method is efficient and cost-effective. The study aims to develop indomethacin-loaded nanoparticles for a sustained-release tablet, obstructing prostaglandin synthesis, a chemical responsible for inflammation and discomfort. Indomethacin, a class II medication, is suitable due to its low solubility and molecular weight. This study developed and evaluated sustained release preparations of indomethacin-incorporated nanoparticles using EC as a polymer, analyzed physicochemical parameters, and developed a nanoparticle-loaded tablet dosage form.